The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the National Institutes of Health (NIH) announced Thursday a joint, large-scale, national study of tobacco users to monitor and assess the behavioral and health impacts of new government tobacco regulations. The initiative is the first large-scale NIH/FDA collaboration on tobacco regulatory research since the U.S. Congress granted FDA the authority to regulate tobacco products in an act in 2009. Scientists at NIH\'s National Institute on Drug Abuse and the FDA\'s Center for Tobacco Products will coordinate the effort. \"The launch of this study signals a major milestone in addressing one of the most significant public health burdens of the 21st century,\" said FDA Commissioner Margaret Hamburg in a statement. \"The results will strengthen FDA\'s ability to fulfill our mission to make tobacco-related death and disease part of America\'s past and will further guide us in targeting the most effective actions to decrease the huge toll of tobacco use on our nation\'s health.\" Investigators will follow more than 40,000 users of tobacco- product and those at risk for tobacco use ages 12 and older. They will examine what makes people susceptible to tobacco use; evaluate use patterns and resulting health problems; study patterns of tobacco cessation and relapse in the era of tobacco regulation; evaluate the effects of regulatory changes on risk perceptions and other tobacco-related attitudes; and assess differences in attitudes, behaviors and key health outcomes in racial-ethnic, gender, and age subgroups. \"We are pleased to collaborate with the FDA on this study that may provide us with a better understanding of the impact of product regulation on tobacco prevention and cessation,\" said NIH Director Francis Collins. While smoking rates have dropped significantly since their peak in the 1960s, nearly 70 million Americans ages 12 and older were current users of tobacco products in 2010. As a result, death and disease caused by tobacco use is still a tremendous public health burden. Tobacco use is the leading preventable cause of disease, disability, and death in the United States. Cigarette smoking results in more than 443,000 premature deaths in the United States each year -- more than alcohol, illegal drug use, homicide, suicide, car accidents, and AIDS combined.